![]() Referees use hand signals to indicate various outcomes or events in a game, such as fouls, violations, penalties, and the end of a period or game. Hand signals are a crucial part of refereeing any sport. During a volleyball match, referees and coaches can ensure that the match is accurate and clear by following these simple hand signals. When the referee informs the team that will serve the next, he should raise both arms vertically, palm forward, and make a circular motion with his forefinger, pointing his arms and fingers toward the floor. The referee should mark the first digit (6, 7, 8 or 9) on two hands with a slight pause before displaying the remaining digits on the left hand. The referee should raise his hands eight fingers in a circle for the numbers 61-65, 71-75, 81-85, and 91-95 to indicate the number of points scored. ![]() The referee should extend his arm to the side of the team to which he will serve to indicate the direction of service. Hand signals are commonly used to indicate the direction of service, the number of points scored, and the team to serve the next. It is critical that all hand signals are properly and precisely executed so that they can be used in order to achieve accuracy and clarity. Hand signals are an important tool used by both referees and coaches during indoor volleyball matches. When the ball passes completely beneath the net between the two net posts, extend your arm and point with your index finger to the center of the line. Brush the finger tips of the other hand once, then brush them once more. Violations include a serving violation, which indicates the ball was not served within eight seconds of blowing the whistle, a net violation means that the net was touched, an attack violation is related to hitting the ball from an illegal position and a blocking violation is related to blocking the ball even before it has crossed the net into the player's own court.Place your arm on the side of the team that touched the ball to make it 90 degrees. Violations may occur in which the referee will need to call. Other terms include a spike, which is powering the ball over the net by hitting it hard, a dig is returning the spiked ball and a tool is spiking the ball off the opponent’s block. A set means placing the ball near the net for spiking purpose. A tip is placing a soft shot above the opponents block, a block occurs when the player blocks a spiked ball resulting in the ball returning to the spiker's court and a free ball is a ball that is returned by passing. ![]() These basic volleyball terms include an ace, which is a serve that makes a direct point and a kill occurs when an attack results in immediate point. Player, coaches and referees should know certain volleyball terms. This can be shown by placing a hand over the net, ensuring that the palm is facing down. A net violation is meant to show that there was a contact with the net. Begin service is meant to indicate that the server is now allowed to serve, which can be shown by holding the hand high in the air with the palm in the direction of the team serving the ball. ![]() A double hit is indicated by two fingers showing that the player contacted the ball twice. A carry is when the ball had too much contact time with the players hand and is indicated by holding hand horizontal with the palm facing upwards. If a ball is out of bounds or went outside the antenna, the referee will raise his forearms vertically and palm facing inwards. Ball in bounds is meant to show the point of the court where the ball landed and is indicated by pointing one arm and hand toward the floor. A point is indicated by one finger at the side of the court to indicate the winner of the rally. The hand signals are given by the referee who first signals the fault and then indicates which team has won the point. The referee blows the whistle to signal the start and end of each play. Referees use several hand signals during a volleyball game. The second referee, or R2, is responsible for keeping track of time, administrating the substitutes and communicating with the coaches or teams effectively as well as assisting the first official. The first official gives the signal to start the game by whistling and has the authority to overrule any other official’s decision. The first referee, or R1, stands at the referee stand. Two official referees are in any volleyball game. Referees are the officials who are responsible for ensuring that all rules of the games are followed.
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